外观缺陷视觉检测的原理是基于光学特性照射到产品表面反射的差异来判断的。例如，当光均匀垂直射入产品表面时，如果产品表面没有任何瑕疵缺陷，反射回来的方向就不会发生改变，机器视觉所呈现到的光也是均匀的；当产品表面含有瑕疵缺陷时，出射的光线就会发生变化，所探测到的图像也要随之改变。由于缺陷的存在，在其周围就发生了应力集中及变形，在图像中也容易观察。

　　The principle of visual inspection of appearance defects is based on the difference of reflection of optical properties on the surface of products. For example, if there are no defects and defects on the product surface, the reflected direction will not change, and the light presented by machine vision will be uniform; when the product surface contains defects and defects, the emitted light will change, and the detected image will also change. Because of the existence of the defect, stress concentration and deformation occurred around it, and it is easy to observe in the image.

　　外观缺陷视觉检测系统中，图像处理和分析算法是重要的内容，通常的流程包括图像的预处理、目标区域的分割、特征提取和选择及缺陷的识别分类。每个处理流程都出现了大量的算法，这些算法各有优缺点和其适应范围。如何提高算法的准确性、执行效率、实时性和鲁棒性，一直是研究者们努力的方向。

　　Image processing and analysis algorithm is an important content in the visual inspection system of appearance defects. The usual process includes image preprocessing, target region segmentation, feature extraction and selection, and defect recognition and classification. There are a large number of algorithms in each process, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages and its scope of application. How to improve the accuracy, efficiency, real-time and robustness of the algorithm has been the direction of researchers.

　　外观缺陷视觉检测设备特点：

　　Features of visual inspection equipment for appearance defects:

　　1.高速相机和处理技术能够对瑕疵进行快速侦测、分类、显示、剔除等;

　　1. High speed camera and processing technology can quickly detect, classify, display and eliminate defects;

　　2.优良的光学配备用于紧缺的瑕疵检测，甚至是低对比度的瑕疵;

　　2. Excellent optical equipment is used for defect detection, even low contrast defects;

　　3.智能分类软件：瑕疵根据来源被精确的分类到各个目录中;

　　3. Intelligent classification software: defects are accurately classified into various categories according to their sources;

　　4.信息准确，实时，可靠

　　4. The information is accurate, real-time and reliable

　　5.操作简单方便，无须深入学习即可瑕疵检测系统;

　　5. The operation is simple and convenient, and the defect detection system can be realized without in-depth study;

　　6.加快生产速度，实现局部全检;

　　6. Speed up the production speed and realize partial full inspection;

　　不同产品的表面缺陷有着不同的定义和类型，一般而言表面缺陷是产品表面局部物理或化学性质不均匀的区域，如金属表面的划痕、斑点、孔洞，纸张表面的色差、压痕，玻璃等非金属表面的夹杂、破损、污点，等等。

　　There are different definitions and types of surface defects for different products. Generally speaking, surface defects are areas with uneven physical or chemical properties on the surface of products, such as scratches, spots, holes on metal surface, color difference and indentation on paper surface, inclusion, damage and stain on glass and other non-metallic surfaces.

　　外观视觉检测系统的工作原理是：当产品表面含有瑕疵缺陷时，若遇到光透射型缺陷(如裂纹、气泡等)，光线在该缺陷位置会发生折射，光的强度比周围的要大，因而相机靶面上探测到的光也相应增强；若遇到光吸收型(如砂粒等)杂质，则该缺陷位置的光会变弱，相机靶面上探测到的光比周围的光要弱。

　　The working principle of the visual inspection system for appearance is: when there are defects on the surface of the product, if the light transmission type defects (such as cracks, bubbles, etc.) are encountered, the light at the defect position will be refracted, and the light intensity will be greater than that around, so the light detected on the camera target surface will be correspondingly enhanced; if the light absorption type (such as sand and other) impurities are encountered, the light at the defect position will become weak and the phase will be weak The light detected on the target surface is weaker than the surrounding light.

　　机器视觉是一种无接触、无损伤的自动检测技术，是实现设备自动化、智能化和精密控制的有效手段，具有安全可靠、光谱响应范围宽、可在恶劣环境下长时间工作和生产效率高等突出优点。

　　Machine vision is a non-contact, non-destructive automatic detection technology. It is an effective means to realize the automation, intelligence and precision control of equipment. It has the outstanding advantages of safety and reliability, wide spectral response range, long-time work in harsh environment and high production efficiency.

　　外观缺陷不仅影响产品的美观和舒适度，还会对其使用性能带来不良的影响，由此可见外观缺陷视觉检测设备对于企业的重要性。

　　Appearance defects not only affect the beauty and comfort of products, but also have adverse effects on their performance. Therefore, it can be seen that the visual inspection equipment for appearance defects is of great importance to enterprises.

本文转载自山东红宝自动化官网，源文地址：http://www.hongbaozdh.com/news/74.html